Target Atlas

Computational Target Profile

GPR173

IDG Tbio

A candidate phoenixin receptor in reproductive signalling, characterised without an experimental structure.

A reproductive-axis orphan with a named peptide but no solved structure. Phoenixin is reported to signal through GPR173 to activate GnRH and kisspeptin neurons, yet there is no experimental structure and no confirmed small-molecule ligand — resolved into a topology, a residue-level lipid-facing-surface hypothesis, and a validation plan.

UniProt Q9NS66 ·AFDB AF-Q9NS66-F1 ·373 aa·Class A (rhodopsin-like) orphan GPCR · SREB3·PDB: none
At a Glance
Fold
Seven transmembrane helices; multi-pass plasma-membrane receptor; non-enzyme.
Lipid-Facing Surface
Predicted lipid-facing surface (AstraBIND confidence 0.679, medium). A residue-level membrane-interface hypothesis — a starting point for docking and mutagenesis, not a claim of an orthosteric drug pocket. No validated ligand.
Structural Anchors
Conserved TM3–ECL2 disulfide C96–C174; N-glycosylation at N3 and N184 (UniProt).
Flexible Regions
Elevated predicted disorder — disordered N-terminus (1–17), long intracellular loop (209–277) and C-tail (353–373) — the natural truncation boundaries for construct design.
Clean Signal
One aggregation-prone segment flagged (AstraUNFOLD max 0.536) — worth screening in construct design.
Prediction Confidence
7 TM Helices
1.00
Multi-Pass Membrane
0.99
Receptor Class
1.00
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Activity (GO)
0.86
Lipid-Facing Site
0.68

Model-reported confidence for the headline calls (amber = the load-bearing prediction the rest of the profile builds on). These are model-estimated probabilities that rank and gate each call — not calibrated rates of experimental success.

The Gap

Why This Target Is Still Dark

Most tractable receptor families have been structurally explored. GPR173 remains dark: an IDG Tbio class A GPCR with no experimental structure in the PDB and a thin primary literature. It is SREB3 — one of three super-conserved receptors expressed in brain — and is reported to be the receptor for the neuropeptide phoenixin, through which it augments gonadotropin-releasing-hormone signalling in the hypothalamus and pituitary and promotes granulosa-cell proliferation in the ovary. That pairing is largely inferred by similarity and from rodent and cell models, so even the receptor's pharmacology is unsettled.

That combination — genuine interest, near-zero structural information — is exactly where prediction earns its keep: everything below is computed from the canonical 373-residue sequence with Orbion's Astra suite, with no experimental GPR173 structure or validated ligand used as input. For a genuine orphan, there is nothing to look up.

Architecture & Topology

How the Sequence Is Organised

extracellularintracellularTM1TM2TM3TM4TM5TM6TM7NC
Pocket-Lining HelixTransmembrane Helix Disordered Loop
Predicted Membrane Topology · Pocket-Lining Helices in Amber · Disordered Loops Dashed · N/C Termini In Situ
ElementResiduesNote
Transmembrane Helices7 predictedBoundaries: 27–47; 60–80; 98–118; 140–160; 189–209; 288–308; 323–343.
Per-Residue Disorder
N-TermLoopC-Tail00.511100200300373
Disordered Regions Shaded in Amber · Dashed Line = 0.5 Call Threshold · the Natural Truncation Boundaries for Construct Design

The Predicted Pocket

A Predicted Lipid-Facing Surface

AstraBIND classifies this as a membrane-mimetic / lipid-facing surface, not an orthosteric pocket — so we present it as a membrane-interface hypothesis only, and a low-confidence one (no ligand-bound relative to retrieve from). It is an exploratory surface for mutagenesis, not a validated ligand site or a druggable pocket.

Site: Membrane-facing / lipid interface (transmembrane surface)

Pocket-Lining Residues
TM396, 102–108
TM4154
TM5190
TM6295, 297–307, 309
TM7322, 328–329, 332
Loop / Surface174–176

Post-Translational & Structural Features

Specific, Testable Residues

  • Disulfide bond C96–C174. Annotated in UniProt (rule-based); the conserved class A TM3–ECL2 bridge that caps the pocket — a fold sanity-check and a Cys→Ala mutagenesis handle.
  • N-glycosylation at position 3, 184 — on the extracellular N-terminus and ECL2 (UniProt).
  • Aggregation-prone segment flagged (AstraUNFOLD amyloid max 0.536) — a modest aggregation liability worth screening during construct design.

Recommended Experimental Follow-Up

An Orphan Sequence, Turned Into a Ranked Plan

Each prediction is paired with the experiment that would test it and the readout to watch for.

PredictionExperimentReadout
Lipid-Facing Surface Residues (TM3, TM6, TM7)Alanine scan + docking at the predicted membrane-facing siteBinding or SAR at the predicted surface
Disulfide C96–C174Cys→Ala mutagenesis (C96A, C174A)Expression / fold loss — fold-integrity check
Disordered ICL3 (209–277) and C-Tail (353–373)Fusion-partner insertion or terminal truncationExpression / thermostability for structural work
Reported Phoenixin Receptor ActivityPhoenixin-14 / -20 challenge in a GnRH / kisspeptin neuron modelConfirm receptor–peptide coupling

Scope & Limitations

What This Is — and Isn't

  • Prediction, not experiment. These are computational hypotheses to prioritise experiments — not a structure or an assay. Nothing here is wet-lab validated.
  • The site is predicted; no ligand is named. AstraBIND is retrieval-based, and here it flags a lipid-facing surface rather than a classical orthosteric pocket — a residue-level hypothesis, not a proven druggable site or a validated binder.
  • Reproductive biology inferred, not proven here. GPR173's phoenixin pairing and its roles in GnRH / kisspeptin signalling and folliculogenesis come from rodent and cell-model studies and by-similarity annotation, not from a solved human receptor–ligand complex. Treat the therapeutic case as a hypothesis.

All predictions were generated with Orbion's Astra suite from the canonical GPR173 sequence (UniProt Q9NS66), using AlphaFold-derived structural features. Reported values are model outputs; model internals are out of scope.

References

  1. [1]UniProt Consortium. UniProtKB entry Q9NS66 (GPR173, human). uniprot.org.
  2. [2]Pharos (Illuminating the Druggable Genome). GPR173 target record — Tbio. pharos.nih.gov.
  3. [3]Treen AK et al. Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1039
  4. [4]Stein LM et al. Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016
  5. [5]Nguyen XP et al. Effect of the neuropeptide phoenixin and its receptor GPR173 during folliculogenesis. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0025

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